Endovascular surgery, also called embolization, is a minimally invasive technique used to block blood flow to a vascular malformation, shrinking it rather than completely removing it. Our specialists perform endovascular surgery for arteriovenous malformations when a conventional procedure could damage the surrounding tissue. This technique is also used to make conventional surgery safer, reducing the risk of bleeding. During endovascular surgery, a surgeon guides a catheter through the arteries until it reaches the cluster of blood vessels that comprise the malformation. Next, he or she delivers special medical adhesives, tiny manmade particles called microspheres or polymerizing glue through the catheter and into the artery. These materials work to fill the vessels and block blood flow. Most people stay overnight in the hospital to monitor for bleeding and return home the next day. Although surgery can be helpful in alleviating symptoms, it is usually difficult for surgeons to completely remove vascular malformations because there is a risk of bleeding and damage to nearby organs. As a result, some malformations return and may require additional treatment 10 to 15 years later. With or without surgery, all vascular malformations require long-term monitoring. Hormone changes from puberty, pregnancy and menopause can cause a malformation to grow.
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